3G LBO of Burger King

3G's $3.3B ($4.17B total transaction value) LBO of Burger King is one of the most high-profile LBOs of 2010. This LBO is interesting for a number of reasons. For one, the acquirer, investment fund 3G (funded by a small group of Latin American billionaires), is not a part of the usual suspects one would expect to see on a deal of this magnitude. Also different from most LBOs, 3G has stated it is buying Burger King for the long-haul and is willing to wait 10 years before exiting.

The choice of Burger King is also a strange one. When BK was bought out by Bain, GS, and TPG in 2002, Burger King was an insignificant and unappreciated holding of the food and beverage behemoth Diageo, allowing the sponsors to acquire BK at a very favorable valuation. But the Burger King of today is much different. Eight years of sponsor ownership have turned BK into a lean company with few easily realized cost reductions. Furthermore, from a strategic point of view, BK has fallen far behind its rival McDonald's and requires massive amounts of capital expenditures to compete (estimated in a recent Bloomberg article to be as high as $3 billion). For more on the challenges facing 3G, go here. Perhaps most surprising is the valuation. 3G did not pick up BKC on the cheap, paying 9.4x LTM EBITDA and 8x LTM net income.

My model of the LBO is posted below. I suggest you do not try to look at it on Scribd but instead go here, and download the excel file. My analysis shows that using conservative growth assumptions and moderate cost cutting assumptions, the Burger King LBO could return 16% annually if 3G exits in five years at the same valuation (9.4x EV/EBITDA) at which it entered.

However, this return is very sensitive to Burger King's ability to cut costs, which is questionable given the rising costs in the industry as well as BKC's previous ownership (Management also expects SG&A to increase by 3% in 2011). If one assumes Burger King has to boost capex to 10% of sales and SG&A as a % of sales increases by 3%, the 15% IRR quickly disappears, even with above trend top-line growth.

That being said, I actually think this deal was a good idea for 3G if 3G manages to leverage its experience in Latin America to grow Burger King quickly in emerging markets. As Burger King grows internationally, its operating leverage from its restaurant ownership will deliver larger margins and significantly increase Burger King's valuation. But overall, like most recent LBOs, the success of the BKC LBO is heavily dependent on exogenous forces. 3G is blessed to have patient investors. It's longer term investment horizon will allow it to wait for an opportune time to exit -- which can make all the difference.

Burger King LBO Model

Going forward...

As I've learned more about finance over the last few years, I've started to shift my focus from markets and asset prices to transactions and operations. On this blog, I've written mostly on macro, geopolitical, and policy issues. Going forward, I expect to have little to say on these subjects. For one, I (regrettably) no longer have time to read as I once did (I recently graduated from school and am working full-time in finance). But more importantly, I've become increasingly interested in the details of operations, capital structure, and M&A. Perhaps the greatest reason behind this shift is that I've found I really like the way investors can influence returns by making financial or operating changes, while in macro investments an investor is merely a spectator, (though exciting as that may be in interesting times such as these the lack of control can be frustrating).

So what I've decided to do is use this blog as a forum to discuss recent M&A deals (trends, valuation, etc.), focusing mostly on LBOs and private equity activity. I'll usually build a model to back up my analysis which I will post on Scribd. The first LBO I will discuss is 3G's recent buyout of Burger King.